Oscilloscopes are time-domain instruments, but because they digitize waveforms, oscilloscopes can process time-domain signals into the frequency domain. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), spectrum ...

One way that Audioholics have presented on-axis and off-axis frequency responses in our loudspeaker reviews are through waterfall plots. Wikipedia defines a waterfall plot as: “a three-dimensional ...

Let’s start our expla nations of loudspeaker measurement graphs with the most basic graph of a speaker’s behavior: the frequency response. Sometimes this is referred to as the amplitude response as ...