These three analysis methods are linked together, so this section is organized by control method. In contrast to the large-signal transient response that was reviewed in part 2, we will perform ac ...

A frequency response analyzer ('FRA') is often used to measure gain and phase plots of control loops (Bode plots), filter responses and general frequency domain transfer functions. The FRA generally ...

Known as EIS, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is an increasingly common non-destructive technique that is used to analyze and identify a material’s physicochemical properties, especially at the ...