Modern society is definitely more mobile than it was several decades ago. Accompanying the increased mobility is a corresponding craving for greater quantities of information. The increased demand has ...

Wireless communications are quite prone to errors due to the noise present in the channel, fading effects and interference. The quality of communication is degraded by theses channel errors. To ...

The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...