Abstract: To improve the convergence capability of ant colony routing in LEO satellite networks, a novel hybrid ant colony-sparrow search optimization routing algorithm is proposed. The sparrow ...

Google launched four official and confirmed algorithmic updates in 2025, three core updates and one spam update. This is in comparison to last year, in 2024, where we had seven confirmed updates, then ...

Abstract: To enhance the coverage and overall performance of wireless sensor networks, this paper introduces an improved multi-objective sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Building on the basic SSA, we ...

Fans of Pirates of the Caribbean are just now discovering a surprising secret about Captain Jack Sparrow’s past. The character, famously played by Johnny Depp, has always been seen as a mischievous ...