Dependent variables change based on other inputs in financial models, affecting investment outcomes. Independent variables like earnings affect dependent variables, influencing metrics like P/E ratios ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...