Abstract: This article presents the proposal, design, and implementation of 3-D pattern modulation surfaces (PMSs) using short-circuited slotline structure. First, the reflection coefficient of ...
Controlling light is an important technological challenge—not just at the large scale of optics in microscopes and telescopes ...
Light can be sculpted into countless shapes. Yet building optical devices that can simultaneously manipulate many different ...
On December 26, 2025, researchers reported the discovery of wobbling jet structures within the comet's sun-facing anti-tail. Unlike typical comet tails that stream away from the Sun, the anti-tail of ...
Modulation advances have fueled more efficient use of bandwidth, although conventional modulation formats still require allowance for upper and lower sidebands around the carrier frequency. Ultra ...
Abstract: The modulation transfer function (MTF) quantitatively describes the ability of an optical or imaging system to reproduce contrast at various spatial frequencies. The ISO 12233 edge-based ...
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